As the temperature drops and the nights draw in, autumn is very much upon us. But while we reach for the knitwear to dress appropriately, how can we prepare out four-legged friends for the new season?
Experts have suggested that, while human beings love to take long autumnal walks equipped with pumpkin spice lattes, our dogs aren't quite so well-adjusted to the changing seasons.
Femail spoke to British vet Rebecca MacMillan and pet sitter Angela Laws at Trusted Housesitters to hear their tips on how to keep dogs safe and content during autumn walks.
The experts noted there are several hazards to watch out for during the colder months – including poisonous things they can ingest and the dangers of night-time walks, but luckily they have an answer for everything.
Here, they reveal how to keep your dog safe and comfortable during autumn walks…
We share how to keep your dog safe and comfortable during autumn walks, as revealed by our experts (Pictured: Stock image of a woman walking her two dogs in the autumn weather)
1. Adjust your walking times
It's not just humans who recoil at the thought of dark gloomy autumn evenings – as it turns out, your dog isn't keen either.
And as most dogs will need to keep to a walking routine, Angela suggests altering walking times so that you head outside while there is still some daylight.
She explained: ‘This will reduce the risk of road traffic accidents but also prevent your dog from getting disorientated or lost if they are exercising off the lead.'
2. Wear high-visibility clothes/accessories
While adjusting your dog's walking schedule to revolve around lighter hours is most optimal, it may not be possible for busy pet owners.
If you have to go out at night, Angela advised investing in ‘high-visibility clothes and accessories' – for both you and your dog.
Types of clothing and equipment include: ‘A bright jacket, a head torch, and getting your dog a reflective jacket or collar, or even something that lights up'.
Reflective gear will most likely help drivers, pedestrians and other dog walkers to see you.
3. Avoid conkers and acorns
Rebecca has warned pet parents to be on the lookout for conkers when taking their dog for a walk during the autumn months, as they can be extremely dangerous.

Our experts have warned of the potential damage that spilled antifreeze can do to the health of your dog – and warns to clean up any spillages in your area (Stock image)
Conkers are smooth brown seeds that fall from a horse chestnut tree. The shells often split when they hit the ground to reveal a shiny conker inside.
Rebecca explained: ‘If your dog swallows a conker on their walk, it could cause an obstruction in their bowels.
‘Conkers contain a toxin called aesculin which can cause stomach upsets. They also contain tannins which can cause stomach upsets, and in rare cases liver and kidney problems for your dog'.
Ensure you speak to a vet if you are concerned about your pet’s health.
4. Make sure your pet is microchipped
Microchipping involves inserting a chip about the size of a grain of rice just under the skin of your pet.
As this chip has a unique serial number, the owner needs to register it to a database.
Therefore, if a beloved pet ever gets lost, it can be reunited with its owner once the chip has been scanned.
As you and your dog venture outdoors during the autumn months, you are likely to encounter longer and darker nights.
Rebecca adds that dogs can get lost in the dark, or may even run away if they become spooked by fireworks and Halloween celebrations.
‘Make sure your details are up to date on the microchip so that you can be easily contacted when your dog is found,' she advised.
5. Keep your dog warm
If you love buying treats for your pet, Rebecca's fifth tip is likely to be music to your ears.
While many human beings spend this time of year updating their wardrobe with warmer garments, Rebecca suggests considering your pooch as well.
‘If you have an elderly dog or a breed that has very thin fur, you may need to think about keeping them warm at this time of year,' warned Angela.
‘Invest in a dog jacket or coat to keep them cosy. When they get home from a wet and muddy walk, make sure they are thoroughly towel-dried and warmed up'.
6. Clean up antifreeze spillages
As autumn moves into winter and the drivers among us spend the morning de-icing the car, Angela warns you should be mindful when using antifreeze.
Angela explained: ‘Some dogs will actively lap up antifreeze or lick it off their paws as it can taste sweet, not knowing it could cause irreversible kidney damage.
‘Make sure you clean up any spills on your driveway that your dog might have to step through on their way out for autumn walkies'.